自闭症是一组影响发育的复杂神经变量, 行为, 社会互动与沟通. Early diagnosis and intervention can result in long-term positive impact and the strong possibility of reaching one’s full potential. 重要的是要考虑与自闭症相关的挑战和优势. 截至2020年人口普查, the CDC reports 1 in 36 children in the US have autism with 4 times as many boys as girls diagnosed. 症状种类繁多,强度大, 每个孩子都有独特的挑战和天赋. 治疗可以改善症状,帮助维持充实而有意义的生活.
年轻的孩子
自闭症的症状差别很大. 在幼儿中,有一些常见的早期症状:
可能不回应名字
识别模式
不像别人那么爱说话
几乎没有假装游戏
对死记硬背的信息有很强的记忆力.g.(颜色、形状、交通工具的名称)
有限的利益
对感官刺激敏感
很容易恶化
很少与同龄同伴互动
重复动作
学龄儿童
随着孩子们经历更多的社交场合(比如学校), 社交技能的缺乏可能开始变得更加明显. 常见的特征包括:
似乎对别人的想法或感受没有反应
重复动作
好的词汇
喜欢日常生活
过渡困难
很早就学会阅读,但可能难以理解
高度关注自己感兴趣的领域
它很容易
使用与信息不匹配的面部表情
交友困难
对感官输入敏感
过分注重细节
青少年
During the adolescent years, teens are exposed to new social situations, which can cause anxiety. Sometimes this is when girls (or those assigned female at birth) may start to show more social concerns.
发展友谊的不寻常的挑战
Difficulty understanding subtle communication cues like tone, facial expression or body language
关注其他人可能不关注的模式或细节
喜欢孤立并专注于特定的兴趣
非常诚实的
对感官输入敏感
无意中显得很粗鲁
缺乏对话技巧
难以应用所学信息
成人
症状可能与青少年相似. 成人hood is filled with new challenges, such as managing money, finding and keeping a job and more.
难以理解别人的想法或感受
在社交场合不自在
强烈的视觉思维
交友或约会困难
非常专注于一个特定的兴趣
避免眼神接触
独立生活的困难
参加有限数量的活动
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CHC专家回答的主要问题.
如何诊断自闭症?
作为一种神经发育障碍, 自闭症的根本原因仍未被完全了解, 但正在进行的研究提供了频繁的信息更新, 支持和干预建议. 除了, significant work on neurodiversity and autism culture positions autism as part of the natural range of learner variability. 自闭症的诊断通常包括两部分的评估: 1) a 医疗 evaluation by a pediatrician as part of a routine well-child checkup that includes obtaining information from the 父母/caregivers; and 2) a more detailed thorough evaluation after referral from the pediatrician. These evaluations are often completed by psychologists or developmental 行为al pediatricians and should include a combination of psychological, 医疗, 以及语言的神经学筛查, 认知能力, 运动能力, 社会技能, 以及日常生活活动. The gold standard for diagnosing autism is a test called the 自闭症 Diagnostic Observation Schedule, 第二版(ADOS-2).
自闭症 comprises a wide range of diverse symptoms that are clustered into two general domains: social communication and restricted and repetitive 行为s. 作为一种神经发育障碍, 不同的语言组合, 运动技能, 感觉过滤器, 感知和执行功能可以存在, 而它的核心是关于社会沟通. 这些特征可以从需要支持到需要非常重要的支持, 许多自闭症患者能够控制自己的症状,充实地生活. 自闭症患者可能有特殊的、独特的天赋,比如注重细节, 看到模式, 强烈的视觉思维, 丰富的词汇量. 因为自闭症会带来耻辱, it is important to recognize the unique gifts each child possesses and embrace the notion that everyone is different.
The CDC and National Health Statistics Reports estimate that there is a 1-2% chance of a child being diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 男孩的比例高于女孩. 所以,如果你的孩子刚刚被诊断出患有自闭症,你并不孤单. 在今天的播客中, CHC专家Seema Motwani说, 职业治疗师吉娜·巴尔迪, Parent Trainer in our 自闭症早期支持项目 (载荷适配器) tell us where to turn for services, 治疗和支持. 最重要的是, they remind us that an autism diagnosis doesn’t change who our child is or what they’re capable of. (提示:任何东西).
Shirit Megiddo, MS, cc - slp, BSC-CL和Kharyl Anne Piano, MS, cc - slp
A lack of socialization over the past two years has a lot of 父母 worried about their children’s language development. 事实上, one of the most viewed articles in our online 图书馆资源 right now focuses on speech delays in young children during COVID. 我们怎么知道我们的孩子什么时候应该从第一个单词发展到完整的句子呢? 面具和社交距离是否影响了典型的语言发展? 如果我们担心的话,我们应该向哪里求助? Today’s podcast guests — two CHC Speech and Language Pathologists — will put these questions to rest and share ideas to foster healthy language development at home.
自闭症可以以许多不同的方式表现出来,但其核心是关于社会沟通的. 自闭症 is usually suspected at a young age because children aren’t developing language or 社会技能 at the same rate as their peers. Sometimes 父母 don’t want to have their child screened for autism because they are afraid of labels, 病耻感和局限性. 但是,尽管难以承受,诊断也可以带来支持、服务,甚至可能带来缓解. Don’t miss this special podcast episode with two CHC experts who are also 父母 of young children with autism. 加入我们,听听寻找同理心的个人和专业建议, 理解和社区,同时抚养一个患有自闭症的孩子.
CHC’s Gina Baldi explores the signs and symptoms of autism and the benefits of neurodiversity; strategies for the autistic child’s success; how the family and siblings can best support the autistic child; and local resources, 有前途的创新, 应用程序, 自闭症早期支持计划(espa), 以及为自闭症儿童提供的辅助技术.
Sensory integration is an essential part of your development — it helps define everything from the way you see and hear things in the world, 你的身体在空间中存在的方式等等. 然而,研究表明,从5%到16%不等.5%的人有感觉处理障碍, 尤其是那些患有自闭症谱系障碍的人.
如果你的孩子有发育性, 学习, 或者行为问题, a developmental-行为al pediatrician has the training and expertise to evaluate and care for your child. 发展行为儿科医生拥有训练和经验, 在他们的评估和治疗中, the 医疗 and psychosocial aspects of children’s and adolescents’ developmental and 行为al problems.
载荷适配器(自闭症早期支持计划)是自闭症支持的生命线. CHC的Catherine T. 哈维临床服务中心和斯坦福儿童健康中心, 载荷适配器 is designed to support and assist families who have just received a diagnosis of autism with 家长教育 and with clinical care coordination for their child. 服务包括资源共享, 家长教育, helping families 连接 with providers and guidance in navigating the education and health care systems, 免费为家庭提供英语或西班牙语课程.
CHC provides single and multi-disciplinary psychoeducational and neuropsychological (学习 and mental health) evaluations, 选择包括职业治疗师, 语言病理学家和/或教育专家. 在CHC评估期间, 我们真正了解你的孩子,了解是什么问题干扰了他们的健康. 然后,团队合作并推荐最适合您家庭的行动计划. 无论您的孩子是否接受了临床诊断, 我们的专家提供指导和策略来管理行为或教育问题.
你是否担心孩子的言语或语言发展? CHC’s Speech-Language experts can help children overcome challenges in language and overall communication including receptive and/or expressive language, 清晰度, 社交/实用语言和社交技能. 十大信誉网赌网站CHC护理协调员了解更多信息或 预约.
在CHC, we have 学习 and mental health experts who can help you overcome barriers to 学习 and help you develop skills that last for a lifetime. 你可以和真正的人交谈. 那些真正能帮上忙的人.
The SLC@CHC empowers all types of learners to adopt tools and strategies to support their unique strengths. 被诊断或怀疑患有多动症的学生和年轻人, 阅读障碍和其他学习障碍发现了他们的天赋, 优势和潜力.
相关CHC产品
Check out other CHC offerings for services and support for 孩子们, youth, and families with autism.